The UK’s communications regulator, Ofcom, has set out  draft codes of practice and guidance for social media, gaming, pornography, search and sharing sites in the wake of the Online Safety Act coming into force last month.

The act aims to keep websites and different types of internet-based services free of illegal and harmful material while defending freedom of expression. It applies to search engines; internet services that host user-generated content, such as social media platforms; online forums; some online games; and sites that publish or display pornographic content.

In an online post outlining the draft codes of practice, Ofcom said that companies will be required to assess the risk of users being harmed by illegal content on their platform, and take appropriate steps to minimize these potential harms.

A core list of measures that services can adopt to mitigate the risk of all types of illegal harm include:

When it comes to specific harms, such as protecting children online, larger and higher-risk services — defined by Ofcom as user-to-user services such as social media platforms — should make children’s accounts invisible from suggested friends and connections lists and hide their location information. Accounts outside a child’s connection list must not be able to send them direct messages.

Ofcom is also proposing that larger and higher-risk services use "hash matching" technology to identify child sexual abuse material (CSAM) and match it  to a database of illegal images. Platforms should also use automated tools to detect URLs that have been identified as hosting CSAM.

All large general search services should provide crisis prevention information in response to search requests regarding suicide and queries seeking information regarding suicide methods.

In order to tackle fraud and terrorism offenses online, large higher-risk services will be required to deploy keyword detection to find and remove posts linked to the sale of stolen credentials, such as credit card details and block accounts run by proscribed terrorist organisations.

Ofcom is now consulting with  industry and other experts before publishing the final version of its codes of practice in autumn 2024. Services will then have three months to conduct their risk assessment, while Ofcom’s final Codes of Practice will be subject to Parliamentary approval.

“Ofcom is not a censor. We won’t have powers to take content down,” said Ofcom's CEO, Dame Melanie Dawes in a statement published alongside the announcement. “Instead, our job is to tackle the root causes of harm by setting new standards and requiring firms to design their services with safety in mind. We’ll make sure our rules are practical and take full account of people’s privacy – as well as free expression, the lifeblood of discussion online.”